TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) When we get to the Transport layer, we first encounter TCP. TCP is a guaranteed delivery protocol, while IP is a best-effort protocol, meaning that every attempt is made to send messages from one system to another. Perhaps this isn’t as stunning as it seems. TCP, by itself, cannot guarantee delivery […]
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Almost every router on the market today can block packets depending on their port number or IP address, but these are basic procedures meant to safeguard an internal network. What if you need to limit the amount of bandwidth utilised by certain devices or applications? In such circumstance, quality of service (QoS) policies are required
IPv6 is here now, and will only get more and more prevalent as each day goes by. Needless to say, mastering IPv6 concepts is a must. IPv6 Addressing With a 128-bit address range, IPv6 can handle 7.9 1028 more addresses, for a total of 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456 addresses, or about 665,570,793,348,866,943,898,599 addresses per square metre of Earth’s
Routing Routes in routing tables are created in one of two ways: manually inserted or dynamically discovered by the router. Static routes are used by routers. Most routers, on the other hand, can alter their routes dynamically if they’re given the additional intelligence in the form of dynamic routing protocols. Routing protocols have been around
Layer 2 switches provide some innovative network traffic classification, separation, and management configurations. STP avoids switching loops by breaking up broadcast domains using VLANs. To cache address pairs, MAC address tables are utilised. These and other ideas covered in this section contribute to making Layer 2 as efficient as feasible. VLANs Various departments and components
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Certain characteristics may be used to identify network traffic. What occurs before the communication is sent, and who hears it, for example. Let’s take a closer look at these ideas. Domains for Broadcasting A broadcast domain is a collection of devices that can hear each other’s broadcast communications. ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) queries, which attempt
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Introduction To provide every item a common reference point, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) established a framework into which the key network hardware and software components and protocols could be put. This framework, known as Open Systems Interconnection (OSI), is a seven-layer architecture that allows components and their functions to be linked as well
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Introduction to Protocols The NIC is where network communication (all those 1s and 0s) physically enters and exits a machine (network interface card). However, theoretically, network communication enters and exits a system through a software or service. A service is a software that runs in the background and performs one or more system operations without
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